INTRODUCTION International business may be conducted in a variety of ways. The truly experienced firm with a full global orientation usually makes use of most of the forms available, selecting them according to specific product or foreign operating characteristics. The preceding case illustrates the use of several different methods of exploiting international opportunities. Alfa...
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SOME VARIABLES AFFECTING CHOICE In terms of resources, the modes of foreign operations differ in terms of both the amount a firm commits to foreign operations and the proportion of the resources that is located at home rather than abroad. Exports may, for example, result in a lower additional resource commitment than direct foreign...
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LICENSING patents, inventions, formulas, processes, designs, patterns; copyrights, literary, musical, or artistic compositions; trademarks, trade names, brand names; franchises, licenses, contracts; and methods, programs, procedures, systems, etc. Usually, the licensor is obliged to furnish technical information and assistance and the licensee to exploit the rights effectively and to pay compensation to the licensor. Economic...
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FRANCHISING Franchising is essentially a way of doing business in which the franchisor gives an independent franchisee the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisee’s business and in which the franchisor more than nominally assists on a continuing basis in the operation of the business. In many cases the...
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MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS One of the most important assets a firm may have at its disposal is management talent. Despite huge endowments of capital and technology, many governmental enterprises in LDCs encounter difficulties because of inadequately trained management. The transmission of management internationally has depended largely on foreign investments that deploy expatriate managers and specialists...
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